Dasgupta P , Womack C , Turner AG , Blackford HN . Malacoplakia: von Hansemann’s disease . BJU Int. 1999 ; 84 ( 4 ): 464 – 469 .
Lewin KJ , Fair WR , Steigbigel RT , Winberg CD , Droller MJ . Clinical and laboratory studies into the pathogenesis of malacoplakia . J Clin Pathol. 1976 ; 29 ( 4 ): 354 – 363 . Gentalex Gentamicin
Stanton MJ , Maxted W . Malacoplakia: a study of the literature and current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment . J Urol. 1981 ; 125 ( 2 ): 139 – 146 .
Bayley C , Slocombe R , Tatarczuch L .Malakoplakia in the urinary bladder of a kitten .J Comp Pathol.2008 ;139(1):47–50.
Benzimra C , Job C , Pascal Q , et al. Malakoplakia of the bladder in a 4-month-old puppy . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2019 ; 55 ( 5 ): 261 – 265 .
Rutland BE , Nimmo J , Goldsworthy M , Simock JO , Simpson KW , Kuntz CA . Successful treatment of malakoplakia of the bladder in a kitten . J Feline Med Surg. 2013 ; 15 ( 8 ): 744 – 748 .
Gelmetti D, Gibelli L, Gelmini L, Sironi G.Malakoplakia with digestive tract involvement in a pig.Vet Pathol.2014;51 ( 4 ): 809 – 811 .
Gill BS , Ducatelle R , Coussement W , Hoorens J . Malacoplakia-like lesion in the lymph node of a pig . J Comp Pathol. 1981 ; 91 ( 4 ): 539 – 544 .
Taniyama H , Ono T , Matsui T . Systemic malacoplakia in a breeding pig . J Comp Pathol. 1985 ; 95 ( 1 ): 79 – 85 .
Cattin RP , Hardcastle MR , Simpson KW . Successful treatment of vaginal malakoplakia in a young cat . JFMS Open Rep. 2016 ; 2 ( 2 ): 2055116916674871 . doi: 10.1177/2055116916674871
Taketa Y , Inomata A , Sonoda J , et al.Granulomatous nephritis consistent with malakoplakia in a cynomolgus monkey .J Toxicol Pathol.2013 ;26 ( 4 ): 419–422.
Dogan B , Zhang S , Kalla SE , Dogan E , Guo C , Ang CR , Simpson KW .Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis of boxer dogs .Antibiotics (Basel).2020 ;9 ( 9 ):doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9090540
Mansfield CS , James FE , Craven M , et al. Remission of histiocytic ulcerative colitis in Boxer dogs correlates with eradication of invasive intramucosal Escherichia coli . J Vet Intern Med. 2009 ; 23 ( 5 ): 964 – 969 .
Dong H , Dawes S , Philip J , Chaudhri S , Subramonian K . Malakoplakia of the urogenital tract . Urol Case Rep. 2014 ; 3 ( 1 ): 6 – 8 .
Sirithanaphol W , Sangkhamanon S , Netwijitpan S , Foocharoen C . Bladder malakoplakia in systemic sclerosis patient: a case report and review literature . J Endourol Case Rep. 2018 ; 4 ( 1 ): 91 – 93 . doi: 10.1089/cren.2018.0038
Petzinger E . Gyrase inhibitors, a new class of therapeutic drugs. Article in German . Tierarztl Prax. 1991 ; 19 ( 1 ): 14 – 20 .
Csapó Z, Kuthy E, Lantos J, Ormos J.Experimentally induced malakoplakia.Am J Pathol.1975;79 ( 3 ): 453 – 464 .
A 4-month-old 5.9-kg sexually intact female French Bulldog was presented because of recurrent urinary tract infections in combination with pollakiuria, hematuria, and urinary incontinence.
A diagnosis of malakoplakia was made on the basis of results of hematologic and serum biochemical testing, abdominal ultrasonography, bacterial culture, and cystoscopic biopsies of the urinary bladder wall. Biopsy samples were sent for routine histologic examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the presence of intracellular and subendothelial bacteria.
Treatment with enrofloxacin was started after the diagnosis of malakoplakia was confirmed. During treatment, polypoid changes in the urinary bladder decreased dramatically but did not disappear. On follow-up ultrasonography after 12 weeks of treatment, marked improvement was visible and results of repeated bacterial culture and fluorescence in situ hybridization of bladder wall samples were negative. The patient was free from clinical signs and had an ultrasonographically normal urinary bladder 59 weeks after antimicrobial treatment was discontinued.
Malakoplakia, a granulomatous disease characterized by impaired histiocytes that are unable to completely digest phagocytized bacteria, is a very rare disease in dogs, but early suspicion of the condition is essential to allow timely diagnosis and avoid disease progression and the need for prolonged treatment. Malakoplakia should be considered in young dogs with chronic urinary tract infections; the diagnosis can be made through a combination of histologic examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization of bladder wall biopsy samples.
A 4-month-old 5.9-kg sexually intact female French Bulldog was presented because of recurrent urinary tract infections in combination with pollakiuria, hematuria, and urinary incontinence.
A diagnosis of malakoplakia was made on the basis of results of hematologic and serum biochemical testing, abdominal ultrasonography, bacterial culture, and cystoscopic biopsies of the urinary bladder wall. Biopsy samples were sent for routine histologic examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the presence of intracellular and subendothelial bacteria.
Treatment with enrofloxacin was started after the diagnosis of malakoplakia was confirmed. During treatment, polypoid changes in the urinary bladder decreased dramatically but did not disappear. On follow-up ultrasonography after 12 weeks of treatment, marked improvement was visible and results of repeated bacterial culture and fluorescence in situ hybridization of bladder wall samples were negative. The patient was free from clinical signs and had an ultrasonographically normal urinary bladder 59 weeks after antimicrobial treatment was discontinued.
Malakoplakia, a granulomatous disease characterized by impaired histiocytes that are unable to completely digest phagocytized bacteria, is a very rare disease in dogs, but early suspicion of the condition is essential to allow timely diagnosis and avoid disease progression and the need for prolonged treatment. Malakoplakia should be considered in young dogs with chronic urinary tract infections; the diagnosis can be made through a combination of histologic examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization of bladder wall biopsy samples.
Gentamicin Injectable © 2022 American Veterinary Medical Association. All rights reserved.